Proofreading is the final step before submitting your work for publication.  Proofreading focuses on errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation and capitalization.  It is your last chance to correct mistakes and typographical errors (typos). 

Errors make it difficult to read and alienates the reader

 In the end, it must be no less than perfect. 

There is a fine line between editing and proofreading; make sure you understand the difference.  Once you cross that line, resist all temptation to go back.  And the temptation will be strong.  Resist.

 Proofing your Own Work

Proofing your own work is nigh on impossible but you have no choice.  You are too close to the work to be completely objective.  Try to read what is actually on the page, not what you think you wrote.  Everyone commits errors now and again, this is your chance to correct them.

We all make mistakes

Set aside time for proofreading.  Build it into your writing process; write; review and revise; proofread.

 Take a break

Step away; allow yourself time between editing and proofreading to get some distance before you approach it again.  Set it aside and come back to the work with a fresh mind.

 Know Where Your Problems Lie

Most mistakes are recurrent.  Find out what errors you typically make.  (e.g. If you misspell certain words, you will misspell them again.)  If you focus on those errors, mistakes you make today will be gone tomorrow.

 Proofreading Strategies

Any strategy that helps you become a careful reader instead of a speed reader is useful. 

Check every character, every word, every sentence and every paragraph 

The following strategies may help you slowdown as you read and catch mistakes you might otherwise overlook.

 Read it Aloud

Your ear often picks up what your eyes have not seen.   Listen to yourself as you read.

 Print out a Hard Copy

You'll be surprised how many mistakes you will pick up on paper that you don't see on the screen.

Doubt every word, catch every mistake

Point with a Pencil

Pointing helps you to slow down and isolate each word.

Slide a Straight Edge Down the Page

It helps you make a detailed, line-by-line review.  Slide a ruler or sheet of paper down the page cover the lines below those you are currently viewing. 

Read it Backwards

Reading backwards divorces the words from the context of the sentence and helps you spot individual errors.  Start from the end of each line back to the beginning.

Look at each character without actually reading them

 Read it Again

Read it again; slower, more carefully. 

See Proofreading Techniques

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